The documents of recent Pontiffs regarding the jurisdiction of bishops must be interpreted in terms of this necessary determination of powers. Deiparae: PG 97, 1089-1109. 960 (1768); Conc. 3913 ss. Still further, some become subject of their own accord to another man, in the matter of perfection for love of God. It is through the sacraments and the exercise of the virtues that the sacred nature and organic structure of the priestly community is brought into operation. 7 de Hierosolymis: Conc. III, 2, 2; PG 7, 847; Harvey 2, 7; Sagnard, p. 100: . 32; PL 2, 52 s.; S. Ignatius M., passim. 35 Mt 21:42; cf. (73) Cfr. Immortale Dei, 1 nov. 188S: ASS 18 (188S) p. 166 ss. Pius XII, Litt. (129) Or some there are who, living and dying in this world without God, are exposed to final despair. Thus it has come about, that, as if on a tree which has grown in the field of the Lord, various forms of solidarity and community life, as well as various religious families have branched out in a marvelous and multiple way from this divinely given seed. 45. 100, a. (3*) They likewise exercise that priesthood in receiving the sacraments, in prayer and thanksgiving, in the witness of a holy life, and by self-denial and active charity. Liber sacramentorum S. Gregorii, Praefatio in Cathedra S. Petri, in natali S. Mathiae et S. Thomas: PL 78, 50, 51 et 152. Funk, I, p. 400. Therefore, this document is written . The pope promulgated the document on November 21, 1964, during the third year of the council. Assignatos sibi greges singuli singulos Christi nomine pascunt et regunt. Indeed, they should imitate by their lively charity, in their joyous hope and by their voluntary sharing of each others' burdens, the very Christ who plied His hands with carpenter's tools and Who in union with His Father, is continually working for the salvation of all men. I, Const. "Because the bread is one, we though many, are one body, all of us who partake of the one bread". (216)(2*) Indeed He sent the Holy Spirit upon all men that He might move them inwardly to love God with their whole heart and their whole soul, with all their mind and all their strength(217) and that they might love each other as Christ loves them. (35*) From this it follows that the individual bishops, insofar as their own discharge of their duty permits, are obliged to enter into a community of work among themselves and with the successor of Peter, upon whom was imposed in a special way the great duty of spreading the Christian name. Similarly, by their state in life, religious give splendid and striking testimony that the world cannot be transformed and offered to God without the spirit of the beatitudes. A person becomes a member of the College by virtue of Episcopal consecration and by hierarchical communion with the head of the College and with its members. In our own time, however, it is most urgent that this distinction and also this harmony should shine forth more clearly than ever in the lives of the faithful, so that the mission of the Church may correspond more fully to the special conditions of the world today. 2. 1 et 5. 340, 1: PL 38, 1483. This is explicitly affirmed in n. 22, 12, and is explained at the end of that section. Encycl. S. Methodius, Symposion, VII, 3: GCS (Bodwetseh), p. 74. 1641 (2803). (40) Cfr. The Golden Anniversary: A Summary of the Vatican II Documents. Consequently, may every opportunity be given them so that, according to their abilities and the needs of the times, they may zealously participate in the saving work of the Church. Moreover, by the sacraments, especially holy Eucharist, that charity toward God and man which is the soul of the apostolate is communicated and nourished. Lumen Gentium. Since this is so, the spiritual life of these people should then be devoted to the welfare of the whole Church. (10*) For this reason, by no weak analogy, it is compared to the mystery of the incarnate Word. Magisterial Documents: Lumen Gentium 8 Dogmatic Constitution on the Church November 21, 1964. SS. Unlike previous Church councils, this one was not convened in order to combat a heresy in the Church. : ibid. Cf. I: Mansi 52, 1213 AC. (110) The entire body of the faithful, anointed as they are by the Holy One,(111) cannot err in matters of belief. custoditur ,., cfr. 67. The evangelical counsels which lead to charity (5*) join their followers to the Church and its mystery in a special way. This is so even at the very beginning, when at the marriage feast of Cana, moved with pity, she brought about by her intercession the beginning of miracles of Jesus the Messiah. For, as St. Irenaeus says, she "being obedient, became the cause of salvation for herself and for the whole human race. (149)(16*), 21. 11, de Ecclesia Christi, c. 4: Mansi S3, 310. Encycl. Let them follow the example of Christ, who by His obedience even unto death, opened to all men the blessed way of the liberty of the children of God. Answers to the Most Common Objections Against Sedevacantism The Holy See Tridentinum, Sess. (191) Therefore, the chosen People of God is one: "one Lord, one faith, one baptism"(192); sharing a common dignity as members from their regeneration in Christ, having the same filial grace and the same vocation to perfection; possessing in common one salvation, one hope and one undivided charity. 60:4-7; Rev. (9) Cfr. By so doing they will imbue culture and human activity with genuine moral values; they will better prepare the field of the world for the seed of the Word of God; and at the same time they will open wider the doors of the Church by which the message of peace may enter the world. Lc. The pope's power of primacy over all, both pastors and faithful, remains whole and intact. (43) Cfr. He sees Matthew as using antithetical parallelism contrasting the two gates, the two ways, sheep and Due to the special circumstances of our time the foundations of this doctrine must be more thoroughly examined. 2 C (in fine); II-II, q. 1. He is not saved, however, who, though part of the body of the Church, does not persevere in charity. By these gifts He makes them fit and ready to undertake the various tasks and offices which contribute toward the renewal and building up of the Church, according to the words of the Apostle: "The manifestation of the Spirit is given to everyone for profit". She gives them the dispositions necessary for baptism, snatches them from the slavery of error and of idols and incorporates them in Christ so that through charity they may grow up into full maturity in Christ. Can., c. 487 et 488, 40. : Denz. p. 504. (115) These charisms, whether they be the more outstanding or the more simple and widely diffused, are to be received with thanksgiving and consolation for they are perfectly suited to and useful for the needs of the Church. Though few are presented such an opportunity, nevertheless all must be prepared to confess Christ before men. 18 There is, first, that people to whom the covenants and promises were made, and from whom Christ was born according to the flesh (cf. (13) S. Clem. This duty is to be undertaken to the extent of their capacities and in keeping with the proper type of their own vocation. Conc. Encycl. (20) S. Ambrosius, l. c. et Expos. Second Vatican Council's 16 Documents 1. She presented Him to the Father in the temple, and was united with Him by compassion as He died on the Cross. Finally, Christian spouses, in virtue of the sacrament of Matrimony, whereby they signify and partake of the mystery of that unity and fruitful love which exists between Christ and His Church,(108) help each other to attain to holiness in their married life and in the rearing and education of their children. 31. The Roman Pontiff, taking account of the Church's welfare, proceeds according to his own discretion in arranging, promoting and approving the exercise of collegial activity. 4, docet Ordinis sacramentum imprimere characterem indelebilem: Denz. May all those who are weighed down with poverty, infirmity and sickness, as well as those who must bear various hardships or who suffer persecution for justice sakemay they all know they are united with the suffering Christ in a special way for the salvation of the world. Christ is the light of nations. 63, 14: PL 4, 386; Hartel, III B, p. 713: Saccrdos vice Christi vere fungitur .. S. Io. As St. Ambrose taught, the Mother of God is a type of the Church in the order of faith, charity and perfect union with Christ. (53) In this way all of us are made members of His Body,(54) "but severally members one of another". It is the duty of the deacon, according as it shall have been assigned to him by competent authority, to administer baptism solemnly, to be custodian and dispenser of the Eucharist, to assist at and bless marriages in the name of the Church, to bring Viaticum to the dying, to read the Sacred Scripture to the faithful, to instruct and exhort the people, to preside over the worship and prayer of the faithful, to administer sacramentals, to officiate at funeral and burial services. Pius XII, Nuntius Radioph., 13 maii 1946: AAS 38 (1946) p. 266. 59-60. Benedictus XV, Epist. 1839 (3074). Lc. The term laity is here understood to mean all the faithful except those in holy orders and those in the state of religious life specially approved by the Church. Pius XII, Litt. In explicit terms He Himself affirmed the necessity of faith and baptism(124) and thereby affirmed also the necessity of the Church, for through baptism as through a door men enter the Church. Relatio officialis Zinelli, in Conc. 1894; AAS 26 (1893-94) p. 707. The family is, so to speak, the domestic church. (47*), 26. Encycl. Such a multiple and miraculous growth augments both the progress of the members of these various religious families themselves and the welfare of the entire Body of Christ. It is for this reason that the Church preserves and fosters the special character of her various religious institutes. "(23*) On the other hand, let them teach the faithful that our communion with those in heaven, provided that it is understood in the fuller light of faith according to its genuine nature, in no way weakens, but conversely, more thoroughly enriches the latreutic worship we give to God the Father, through Christ, in the Spirit. (22*) And at the same time, in conformity with our own pastoral interests, we urge all concerned, if any abuses, excesses or defects have crept in here or there, to do what is in their power to remove or correct them, and to restore all things to a fuller praise of Christ and of God. 21 November, 1964. (31) That land, like a choice vineyard, has been planted by the heavenly Husbandman. Therefore the Blessed Virgin is invoked by the Church under the titles of Advocate, Auxiliatrix, Adjutrix, and Mediatrix. 7, 26, 1 Io. c. I Tim. (4) Cfr. Cf. . Satis cognitum, 29 iun. Phil. 22: Denz. A council is never ecumenical unless it is confirmed or at least accepted as such by the successor of Peter; and it is prerogative of the Roman Pontiff to convoke these councils, to preside over them and to confirm them. Funk, I, p. 154 s. (7) Cfr. Pius IX itt. Lumen Gentium, Dogmatic Constitution On the Church, 1964. Israel according to the flesh, which wandered as an exile in the desert, was already called the Church of God. "(1*) This divine mystery of salvation is revealed to us and continued in the Church, which the Lord established as His body. Celebrating the Eucharistic sacrifice therefore, we are most closely united to the Church in heaven in communion with and venerating the memory first of all of the glorious ever-Virgin Mary, of Blessed Joseph and the blessed apostles and martyrs and of all the saints. tantum. 959 (1766). Trid., Sess. Saneta (catholica apostolica) Romana Ecelesia . Trid., Sess. (211), Let the spiritual shepherds recognize and promote the dignity as well as the responsibility of the laity in the Church. 23, cap. Cf. (3) Cfr. The Roman Pontiff, as the successor of Peter, is the perpetual and visible principle and foundation of unity of both the bishops and of the faithful. (14) De praestantia sacrae virginitatis, cfr. In the human nature united to Himself the Son of God, by overcoming death through His own death and resurrection, redeemed man and re-molded him into a new creation. 1, 26: PL 23, 247 A. S. Augustinus, In Ps. 11, 3: PL 4, 242 B; Hartel, II, 2, p. 497. 3 et 22: PL 4, 443 B et 461 A. Its law is the new commandment to love as Christ loved us. The counsels are a divine gift, which the Church received from its Lord and which it always safeguards with the help of His grace. Apost. 100-1O1, n. 49. Satis cognitum, 29 iun. ecl., V, 24, 10: GCS II, 1, p. 49S; cd. Mystici Corporis, 1. c., pp 219-220; Denz. For from the tradition, which is expressed especially in liturgical rites and in the practice of both the Church of the East and of the West, it is clear that, by means of the imposition of hands and the words of consecration, the grace of the Holy Spirit is so conferred,(20*) and the sacred character so impressed,(21*) that bishops in an eminent and visible way sustain the roles of Christ Himself as Teacher, Shepherd and High Priest, and that they act in His person. Encycl. Furthermore, married couples and Christian parents should follow their own proper path (to holiness) by faithful love. Deiparae: PG 86 (2), 3277-3312. The Son, therefore, came, sent by the Father. The state of this people is that of the dignity and freedom of the sons of God, in whose hearts the Holy Spirit dwells as in His temple. (98) For He has bought it for Himself with His blood,(99) has filled it with His Spirit and provided it with those means which befit it as a visible and social union. 1943: ASS 35 (1943) p. 209 et 212. In virtue of their common sacred ordination and mission, all priests are bound together in intimate brotherhood, which naturally and freely manifests itself in mutual aid, spiritual as well as material, pastoral as well as personal, in their meetings and in communion of life, of labor and charity. The Head of this Body is Christ. Then, with combined rejoicing we celebrate together the praise of the divine majesty;(18*) then all those from every tribe and tongue and people and nation (278) who have been redeemed by the blood of Christ and gathered together into one Church, with one song of praise magnify the one and triune God. (254) Since however we know not the day nor the hour, on Our Lord's advice we must be constantly vigilant so that, having finished the course of our earthly life,(255) we may merit to enter into the marriage feast with Him and to be numbered among the blessed(256) and that we may not be ordered to go into eternal fire(257) like the wicked and slothful servant,(258) into the exterior darkness where "there will be the weeping and the gnashing of teeth". Hom. II, p. 69 Dionysius, apud Eusebium, ib. (221) Since truly we all offend in many things (222) we all need God's mercies continually and we all must daily pray: "Forgive us our debts"(223)(3*). Cfr. Ad coeli Reginam, 11 Oct. 1954: AAS 46 (1954), pp. (20) Conc. Cfr. Rom., ad Cor. (180) For the sick and the sinners among the faithful, they exercise the ministry of alleviation and reconciliation and they present the needs and the prayers of the faithful to God the Father. In all of Christ's disciples the Spirit arouses the desire to be peacefully united, in the manner determined by Christ, as one flock under one shepherd, and He prompts them to pursue this end. (13) Cfr. in B. V. Nat. . Thus every layman, in virtue of the very gifts bestowed upon him, is at the same time a witness and a living instrument of the mission of the Church itself "according to the measure of Christ's bestowal".(197). However, it is not understood as some kind of vague disposition, but as an organic reality which requires a juridical form and is animated by charity. Mystici Corporis, 19 iun. Ordinis, cap. Funk, l, p. 244. 1956: AAS 48 (1956) p. 574 s. (5) Cfr. Litt. Without hierarchical communion the ontologico-sacramental function [munus], which is to be distinguished from the juridico-canonical aspect, cannot be exercised. In such a home husbands and wives find their proper vocation in being witnesses of the faith and love of Christ to one another and to their children. Conc. 5, 1: ed. 71 (72):10; Is. 61, 2: PL 35, 1800, et alibi saepe. S. Thomas, Summa Theol. Pius XI, Litt. Mich. 5:2-3; Mt. 7, 111-116; Cow. They were further commanded by the apostles and Fathers of the Church, as well as by the doctors and pastors of souls. 2, 20; Apoc. B. M., Ms. Paris, Mazarine, 1002, fol. 22. For all who are in Christ, having His Spirit, form one Church and cleave together in Him. V, 23-24: GCS 11, 1, p. 488 ss. For those ministers, who are endowed with sacred power, serve their brethren, so that all who are of the People of God, and therefore enjoy a true Christian dignity, working toward a common goal freely and in an orderly way, may arrive at salvation. The College, which does not exist without the head, is said "to exist also as the subject of supreme and full power in the universal Church." Sacramentum ordinis: Denz. Pius XII, Alloc. Plurimae inseriptione in Catacumbis romanis. etiam Mt. 36. In virtue of his office, that is as Vicar of Christ and pastor of the whole Church, the Roman Pontiff has full, supreme and universal power over the Church. 1. By reason of their state and rank in life they have their own special gift among the people of God. In the midst of the flock they adore Him in spirit and in truth. SUMMARY. And it is intimated also in the practice, introduced in ancient times, of summoning several bishops to take part in the elevation of the newly elected to the ministry of the high priesthood. 184, a. Let the faithful remember moreover that true devotion consists neither in sterile or transitory affection, nor in a certain vain credulity, but proceeds from true faith, by which we are led to know the excellence of the Mother of God, and we are moved to a filial love toward our mother and to the imitation of her virtues. 3. 8; Magn. 23, cap. Paschasius Radb., In Matth. Funk, I, p. 216. Umbratilem, 8 iul. 121-122: Tribuas eis, Domine, cathedram episcopalem ad regendam Ecclesiam tuam et plebem universam.. Cfr. This is clearly proven by the example of so many holy founders. - S. Germanus Constantinop., In annunt. Sedes Sapientiae, 31 maii 19S6: AAS 48 (1956) p. 355. (259) For before we reign with Christ in glory, all of us will be made manifest "before the tribunal of Christ, so that each one may receive what he has won through the body, according to his works, whether good or evil"(260) and at the end of the world "they who have done good shall come forth unto resurrection of life; but those who have done evil unto resurrection of judgment". With it He set up a covenant. (2) All the elect, before time began, the Father "foreknew and pre- destined to become conformed to the image of His Son, that he should be the firstborn among many brethren". S. Cyrillus Alex., Glaph in Gen. 2, 10: PG 69, 110 A. I XXlV, can. Pius XII, Litt. Litt. 11:13; 1 Tim. 3 et q. Vat. Mystici Corporis AAS 35 (1943) p. 200 et passilr. Cfr. (58) Benedictus XIV, Br. Lumen gentium explained. By their very office of praying and offering sacrifice for their own people and the entire people of God, they should rise to greater holiness. (26) S. Cyprianus, Epist. Marc. 1896: ASS 28 (1895-96) p. 738. (3) Cfr. Associated with their bishop in a spirit of trust and generosity, they make him present in a certain sense in the individual local congregations, and take upon themselves, as far as they are able, his duties and the burden of his care, and discharge them with a daily interest. (14) Cfr. DOGMATIC CONSTITUTION ON THE CHURCH. I, 152, 156, 171 s. S. Ign. The Church, "like a stranger in a foreign land, presses forward amid the persecutions of the world and the consolations of God"(14*), announcing the cross and death of the Lord until He comes. Catech. Encycl. Apost. Beda, In Lc. Summary and Analysis of Chapter VIll of LUMEN GENTIUM Ch. It is no wonder therefore that the usage prevailed among the Fathers whereby they called the mother of God entirely holy and free from all stain of sin, as though fashioned by the Holy Spirit and formed as a new creature. (285) She stands out among the poor and humble of the Lord, who confidently hope for and receive salvation from Him. Encycl. I, ib. 1794 (3013). He did this that He might sanctify her. (73) (11*). (12) Cfr. 984 (1821) . Any institute of perfection and its individual members may be removed from the jurisdiction of the local Ordinaries by the Supreme Pontiff and subjected to himself alone. All the faithful, scattered though they be throughout the world, are in communion with each other in the Holy Spirit, and so, he who dwells in Rome knows that the people of India are his members"(9*). De perf . Alloc. Given in Rome at St. Peter's on November 21, 1964. Pius l II, Const. 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