Its difficult to apply the findings from the laboratory to the real world because participants are primed to respond in a specific way Before leaving the lecture halls, the participants fill out a mood survey. by B) behaviors followed by desirable outcomes are strengthened and behaviors followed by undesirable outcomes are weakened, Attention, deep processing, elaboration, and the use of mental imagery are _____ processes. & 6,800 \text{ dollars } & 6,800 \text{ dollars }& 3,400 \text{ dollars } \\ B) substitution of function A) breathing and heart rate C) genome-wide association method \text{Jan. 10}&\text{Sales\hspace{65pt}}&&&&\text{100 units @ \$15}\\ The more coffee she drinks before sleeping, the less sleep she gets. B) 120 & {\text { Art }} & \text { Blythe } & \text { Cooper } \\ It is most likely that Dr. Zimand specializes in the _____ approach to psychology. B) eliminate cofounds in a study Dale's study is vulnerable to. Which kind of nerves sent the signals from your brain to your muscles to initiate your physical movements? The types of experimental study designs are into three types as Pre-experimental, quasi-experimental, and real experimental. A) somatic Demand characteristics can change the results of an Which research study would be most informative? & 40,000 & 45,000 & 35,000 \\ D) behavioral psychology, The approach to psychology that views psychological distress as a result of persistent negative thoughts is D) Motivated forgetting, Psychology 101 - Chapter 2 practice questions, John David Jackson, Patricia Meglich, Robert Mathis, Sean Valentine, David N. Shier, Jackie L. Butler, Ricki Lewis. 10Jan. C) talking and understanding C) Sternberg's triarchic theory/artificial intelligence (AI) theory This minimizes several types of research bias, particularly sampling bias, survivorship bias, and attrition bias as time passes. C) cofounds that are typically irrelevant to the hypothesis being tested A) ice cream causes people to become more violent and aggressive B) Wilhelm Wundt B) Classical conditioning A) motivation and emotion Which of the following is a true statement about dendrites? & \text { Art } & \text { Blythe } & \text { Cooper } \\ WebThese \demand eects" represent a serious methodological concern with the potential to undercut supportive evidence from otherwise compelling research designs by oering an B) The action potential \text { a. } According to the principle of _____ researchers are responsible for keeping all of the data they gather on individuals completely, when possible, anonymous. A) The fight or flight response To ensure that its diverse workforce helps rather than hinders business development, Elixir is seeking the guidance of a psychologist. The professor is describing a ___. Find the first partial derivatives of the given function. D) curiosity, Charles Darwin's work is relevant to psychology because Group A is the _____, while Group B is the _____. D) chunking/rehearsal, Malcom has an IQ of 140. B) cognitive As she leaves the study, the experimenter notices these blank questions and asks Amanda to complete them because the research will be ruined without complete data from all of the participants. A) sensory memory/long-term memory However, theres always swings and roundabouts, and when we start thinking about artifacts rather than confounds, the shoe is very firmly on the other foot. C) You would decide who should be your study partner. In this experiment, which of the following is the dependent variable? A) functionalism. Iron is a common element in the solar system; it is the single most abundant element within Earth by mass. Random assignment can be achieved in many different ways, such as by flipping a coin, using a table of random numbers, or using numbers randomly generated A) a psychoanalyst Cognitive psychology is the study of _____. A) epinephrine and norepinephrine B) sexual and aggressive impulses buried deep within the unconscious mind influence the way people think, feel, and behave B) connects the brain and the spinal cord to the rest of the body. Demand characteristics are extraneous variables that can affect the outcomes of the study. His experimental group is administered the independent variable, but his control group is not administered the independent variable. A) dendrites After the survey, he explains that most people help a crying child because they choose to live by higher values such as altruism. A) debriefing D) A hypothesis is a testable prediction. C) rehearsal/elaboration D) ice cream consumption is not related to violent crime, B) a third variable, such as heat, may account for the association between ice cream sales and violent crime, A case study C) Phenotype B) analytical A) feeling that is acknowledged. C) located inside the cell body. Dr. Badal is a psychologist who studies achievement motivation among groups of African American, Latino, and Asian American people. This disorder is often treated by diet but sometimes individuals with diabetes must inject themselves with insulin. B) divergent thinking _____ refers to the degree to which changes in the dependent variable are due to the manipulation of the independent variable. D) subject review, In the context of descriptive research methods in psychology, _____ are performed mainly by clinical psychologists when, for either practical or ethical reasons, the unique aspects of an individual's life cannot be duplicated and tested in other individuals. B) Adaptability A) Darwin's research demonstrated that there are few differences between humans and animals While observing adolescent groups, however, Gerald rarely sees adolescents offering each other cigarettes or putting pressure on others to smoke. Last updated 22 Mar 2021 Presence of demand characteristics in a study suggest that there is a high risk that participants will change their natural behaviour in line with their interpretation of the aims of a stud y, in turn affecting how they respond in any tasks they are set. D) relies on the experimental method. A) Deductive reasoning 1ActivitiesBeginninginventorySalesPurchaseSalesPurchaseTotalsUnitsAcquired140units60units180units380unitsatCost@$6.00=@$5.00=@$4.50=$840300810$1,950UnitsSoldatRetail100units@$1580units@$15180units. In this scenario, the research method used by the investigators is most likely a(n). B) It plays a role in forming emotional bonds with romantic partners. A) physical attractiveness Recognizing the increased interest and demand for scientifically-based research in education policy and practice, the National Research Council released the motivated and tend to experience increased anxiety with frequent graduate characteristics of a true experimental design are present as in the previous design: B) an experimental A) Brain stem This type of research is often best with a multitude of methodological C) Divergent thinking You repeat this study with a double-blind design. Webnormally. The operational definition of selfish in Paul's study is The following incomplete balance sheet for the Sanderson Manufacturing Company was prepared by the companys controller. A) the group that had a counseling session B) myelin sheath In this scenario, which ethical guideline of psychological research has been violated by the correctional officer? B) CS 40,00045,00035,000c.55,00033,00022,000d.60,00036,00024,000\begin{array}{lrrr} C) heuristic thinking Experimenter effects: unintentional actions by C)Functionalism/ Professor Izadi is interested in the association between sleep and cognitive performance. Which of the following research methods is likely to be most effective for Aaron's study, John David Jackson, Patricia Meglich, Robert Mathis, Sean Valentine, David N. Shier, Jackie L. Butler, Ricki Lewis. He tells Ian, his research assistant, to act as a participant and say aloud the names of a few predecided nonexistent items during the experiment. B) seeing and hearing C)Motor coordination D) Learning, Bertha met two students from another school at a convention. D) 60, Chunking involves _____. B) sample Behavior is ______; mental processes are _______. C) Collateral cells Dr. Matteo is conducting an experiment to test the memory of a group of participants; in the experiment, the participants recall a list of previously shown household items. The lecture you were listening to is over. A) Midbrain WebIn experimental research, you systematically intervene in a process and measure the outcome. In the context of inferential statistics, a confidence level of .05 means that. 6,800dollars6,800dollars3,400dollarsb. October 20, 2021 D) relies on the experimental method, A) is an in depth look at a single individual, Maya burns her fingers while cooking dinner. C) is always followed by something unpleasant. The axon is D) experimenter bias and participant bias. C) a sociological a.b.c.d.Art4,800dollars4,000dollars37/150of12,000dollars0dollarsBlythe4,800dollars4,000dollars65/150of12,000dollars8,000dollarsCooper2,400dollars4,000dollars48/150of12,000dollars4,000dollars, The partners agreed to dissolve the partnership after selling the other assets for 200,000 dollars. He asks his employees to brainstorm and create a list of all possible solutions to keeping the company in business. B) polygenic inheritance A) sensory system. A _____ is a layer of fat cells that insulates most axons and speeds up the transmission of nerve impulses. B) informed consent \end{array} A) testes and ovaries D) Reliability. A) convergent thinking D) personal opinions about what causes people to do bad things. How do you control demand characteristics? B) serotonin How are these two bonding types similar and how do they differ? Who needs to be involved in setting quality standards? C) random assignment -0.24, They are useful when information from many people is required. To conduct an experiment, you need to be able to vary your independent variable, precisely measure your dependent variable, and control for confounding variables. D) Explicit memory/implicit memory, According to Hermann Ebbinghaus, _____. In research, demand characteristics are cues that might indicate the research objectives to participants. C) medulla C) data analysis. a variable that has not been measured accounts for the relationship between two other variables, In correlational research, the "third variable problem" refers to a circumstance in which, Five students had the following scores on a psychological test: 10, 10, 15, 25, and 40. B) A hypothesis derives logically from a theory. In this situation, salivation is the 1Beginninginventory140units@$6.00=$840Jan. C) Low levels of acetylcholineSchizophrenia C) confederates. C) ability to connect electrical impulses and chemical messengers. He identified two types of participants` affect. WebExperimental Design - University of Central Arkansas UCA Based on previous studies, you use a word completion task to infer participants moods. C) is always followed by something unpleasant. B) predictor Inmates at a correctional facility take part in an experiment on social development. psychodynamic theory D) chunking, In the experiment with little Albert conducted by Watson and Rayner, _____ was used as an unconditional response for conditioning Albert to fear a white rat. The heat transfer structure of the battery module is also simplified. A) Generalization On January 15, 20X7, the first cash sale of other assets with a carrying amount of 150,000 dollars realized 120,000 dollars. Deferred revenue will be recognized as revenue equally over the next two fiscal years. C) Wilhelm Wundt; Sigmund Freud In this case, the independent variable is the, They must be representative of the population to which the investigator wants to generalize his or her results. WebExperimental designs, also called randomized experiments, are characterized by two distinguishing features: (i) the conscious manipulation by the researcher of a treatment or, more generically, an independent variable of interest, and (ii) the random assignment of units to treatment and control groups (Fig. B) serotonin Each person in the sample is shown a typical cigarette advertisement and is asked to estimate the age of the model in the ad. C) confidentiality strength and direction of the association C) motivated forgetting is a good treatment for overcoming traumatic events They pose a threat to both internal and external validity. The validity of your research will depend on your experimental design. The 505050 perceived age estimates so obtained are given in the right column. A) human beings have been rewarded for watching children bite each other C) efferent D) this clip demonstrates that cuteness is an important adaptation. B) survey method D) debriefing, Dr. Simpson finds a positive .50 correlation between ice-cream-cone sales and violent crimes in a community. D) social relationships, The hippocampus, the temporal lobes in the cerebral cortex, and other areas of the limbic system play a very important role in _____ memory. D) neurotransmitters that regulate memory, The chemical messengers produced by the endocrine glands are known as A) temporal lobes D) neither correlational nor experimental research allows researchers to determine causality, B) only experimental research allows researchers to determine causality, Jacob wants to study the relationship between falling in love and a person's academic performance. The ethical standard that has been violated is B) They are treelike fibers projecting from a neuron. His view is known as. C) graded potential A) Constancy C) reduce the stress levels of the body Dr. Okawa is interested in studying the effect of neurological trauma on short-term memory. B) Institutional Review Board C) deception D) oxytocin, Corticosteroids are Investigators explored Derek's past interactions on Wordbook, a famous social networking site, to discover any information that might reveal the reasons behind his suicide. Professor Jacobs believes that sleep deprivation is related to conflicts between roommates. D) genetic heritage. B) the amount of time a neuron must "rest" in between firing episodes is stable. In operant conditioning, negative reinforcement D) They direct the manufacture of substances required for growth of neurons. A) if all the neurons in a network are not integrated, the "message" carried by the neurons will be lost. Suppose that a sample of 505050 people is randomly selected at a shopping mall. D) Carl Rogers, Dr. Zimand is studying the association between the functioning of specific brain structures and depression. B) Estrogen and testosterone D) the factors that change in response to the changes in dependent variables, Which of the following is a potential problem of using correlational studies in psychological research? Derek, an Internet activist, committed suicide. A) sociocultural A) Hormones B) recall/recognition D) Dendritic branching, The primitive cells that have the capacity to develop into most types of human cells are called The data show that she is simply very likely to be poor What explains the clip's enduring appeal? A) acetylcholine 5,6675,6675,666c.011,3335,667d.01,00016,000\begin{array}{lrrr} C) once the electrical impulse reaches a certain level of intensity, it fires and moves all the way down the axon without losing any intensity. B) reuptake B) Emily is likely to be wrong because 1000 people is a high number What is the operational definition of "helpful" in Tamika's study? D) Sustained attention, Spanking is a form of _____; time out is a form of _____. C) 2-3 minutes D) 5 minutes, A) A fraction of a second to several seconds, A _____ reinforcer is a reinforcer that acquires its positive value through an organism's experience. C) the cell body 15,000dollars51,000dollars44,000dollarsb. D) semantic memory/long-term memory, B) long-term memory/short-term or working memory. D) selective breeding. Figures shown parenthetically reflect agreed-upon profit and loss-sharing percentages. A) Sternberg's triarchic theory/Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences Independent variables are B) is useful for studying large populations She then notes whether the person standing closest to her helps her pick up her papers and whether the person is male or female. B=100010001. In the context of correlational research, which of the following is the most likely conclusion from the results of his study? A _____ is a person's genetic heritage, his or her actual genetic material. A) a correlational study with a sample of 40 adults In an experimental research study, which of the following groups is an experimental group? A) theory D) EEG, Discrimination of objects that are necessary for survival (such as appropriate food) as well as emotional awareness and expression involves the _____. B) participant effects. A) it is hard to conduct without the participants' knowledge that they are being studied C) sympathetic Interest on both the note and the bonds is payable annually. A) selection bias B) ability of people to adapt to new surroundings. For her first lesson, her instructor models serving and backhand returns while Miranda patiently watches. D) experimenter bias and participant bias. D) psychodynamic, According to ___________ psychologists, your brain houses a "mind" whose mental processes allow you to remember, make decisions, plan, set goals, and be creative. quantitative research c. experimental research d. nonexperimental research* 11. Shannon is in a constant state of low-level stress. \text { d. } & 0 & 1,000 & 16,000 \\ C) contiguity A) students' attitudes toward their new class president. extent to which the experimental design reflects the real-world issues it explores, In an experimental study, external validity refers to the, Professor Stenson is examining the effects of color on patients' anxiety levels. C) has processed this information at an intermediate level B) selective breeding CaseyDithersEdwardsa. A) Neurotransmitters Participants who play the role of a good subject try to use what theyve learned to help you with your research. B) Proactive interference C) the psychodynamic approach D) Sigmund Freud. D) pancreas, Depression is associated with low levels of which neurotransmitter? Each of the contemporary approaches we have reviewed might offer an explanation. B) parasympathetic C) rethinking and redefining problems and solutions over time Correlational Research 4. B) critical thinking C) Sensitivity You can control demand characteristics by taking a few precautions in your research design and materials. changes) assumed to have a direct effect on the dependent variable. Using implicit measures can help reduce the impact of demand characteristics because participants arent aware of the true nature of the task. B) the autonomic nervous system - Variables can be measured accurately with the tools made available in a laboratory setting, which may otherwise be impossible for experiments conducted in the field (field experiments). B) The participants were all women 10Sales80units@$15Jan. 10Jan. C) axons C) autonomic nervous system ________ is a statistical procedure that summarizes a large body of evidence from the research literature on a particular topic, allowing the researcher to assess the strength of the relationship between the variables. J. B) Functionalism/structuralism d. the group assignment. D) variable, The statement "I believe this research will demonstrate that students who study in groups will get better grades than those who study alone" is an example of These measures indirectly gauge attitudes or traits without explicitly asking participants to report their experiences. In this case, the independent variable is the, A survey would be least useful in determining the ___. C) Face validity C) It is involved in the regulation of mood and attention. Molly changed her John R. Nelson, Vice President of Corporate Affairs for Philip Morris, wrote, "We employ only adult models in our advertising who not only are but look over 252525." Which of the following is not a part of psychology according to its definition? C) correlational studies C) drawing conclusions A) rationalization c. threaten the Weaknesses Which of the following statements related to the scientific method is FALSE? A) hippocampus D) evolutionary. The study concerns a new design of a marine axial fan. During the study, he is friendlier toward the female participants than he is toward the male participants, which makes the women feel more relaxed during the study. B) Maturation D) used non-linguistic encoding processes, According to Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence, _____ intelligence involves the ability to design, invent, originate, and imagine. A laboratory is a controlled setting with many of the potential confounding factors of the real world removed. B) being receptive to other ways of looking at things Tamika hypothesizes that women are more helpful than men. SandersonManufacturingCompanyBalanceSheetAtDecember31,2018. Which of the following is most like what a psychodynamic thinker might say? A) afferent A) negative punishment/positive punishment She enjoyed their company a great deal and was very impressed with how nice they were. B) immediately forgetting relevant information C) it is involved in the regulation of mood and attention The experimental research design is the use of methods and procedures to make observations in which the researcher fully controls the conditions and Figure 7.1 The Three Categories of Research Design Research Designs Experimental Used to determine the If Professor Jung wants to be able to draw cause-and-effect conclusions from her research, which of the following is the most crucial aspect of her experimental design? C) Chromosomes Webparticular, demand e ects also have the potential to in uence experimental results in the substantial body of research employing survey experiments to study topics throughout One group of participants read a brochure about diet and nutrition; another group had a 30-minute nutrition counseling session; a third group read the newspaper; a fourth group watched a video about exercise and fitness. B) nondeclarative memory You play a 30-second clip of each and ask participants to rate their mood immediately after. C) they cannot be used in situations where the issue of ethics is important D) psychoanalysis. C) Extinction The poll must be flawed, she insists. D) Intervention bias, Lionel is a CEO of a company that is in financial crisis. D) adaptability, Which division of the peripheral nervous system is responsible for producing physiological symptoms (such as increased heart rate and butterflies in the stomach) under conditions of stress? D) they can be used to study the relationship between only two variables, A) they fail to establish a clear causal relationship between variables. B) only experimental research allows researchers to determine causality \hline D) polarized potential, The _____ is sometimes referred to as the "master gland" because almost all of its hormones direct the activity of target glands elsewhere. C) tendency to search for and use information that supports our ideas rather than refutes them D) Brainstem, Because Miles suffers from extreme seizures the surgeon severs his corpus callosum. D) conditioned response. C) Lobotomy B) experimenter bias You get up, pick up your things, and walk out the classroom door. w=xyln(xz)w=x y \ln (x z)w=xyln(xz). Subscribe to A case study Wilhelm Wundt's approach to discovering the basic elements of mental processes is called Use these data to do the exercise below. A) resting potential B) Ovaries D) intermediary, Organisms learn the association between two stimuli through _____ whereas organisms learn the association between a behavior and a consequence through _____. Abe and Carl are psychologists who believe that people have free will and can make choices based on higher human values. The article specifies the optimal parameters for this type of fan. She compares the similarity of IQ scores of identical twins to the similarity of IQ scores of fraternal twins. B) if participants in an experiment are assigned to each group only by chance, the actual similarities between the groups will sustain over the long run. They pose a threat to both. B) informed consent A) a strong positive relationship C) It inhibits the heart muscle, intestines, and urogenital tract. A survey would be least useful in determining the B) implicit C) sympathetic D) It is the region of the cerebral cortex that is the site of the highest intellectual functions, such as thinking and problem solving. He is not keen to establish causation, but would like to determine whether and how the increase or decrease in one variable is related to the increase or decrease in the other variable. Bertha is using _____. \text { a. } & \text { of } & \text { of } & \text { of } \\ A) skepticism 1. B) There is a low negative correlation between sleep and exam performance. the entire group about which researchers want to draw conclusions. https://quizlet.com/148723051/psyc101-chapter-1-flash-cards In the context of experimental research, the logic of random assignment is D) posterior parathyroid gland, Which of the following refer to tiny spaces between neurons? Dr. Badal likely practices the _____ approach to psychology. B) Terrel is experiencing acute stress b-affect the duration of a study. Characteristics of Quantitative Research Types of Quantitative Research Methods 1. Survey Research 2. C) Endorphins B) correlation does not imply causation and group statistics cannot be assumed to apply to every single case \text { c. } & 0 & 13,333 & 6,667 \\ C) the somatic nervous system A) measured by researchers D) procedural memory, _____ is a systematic, relatively permanent change in behavior that occurs through experience. Cute kids are more likely to survive and reproduce. A) population The detailed descriptions are as D) the humanistic approach. D) Adrenal, Repair of the damaged brain may take place by all of the following except After the accident Taylor used to be talkative seems to be unable to speak. Demand characteristic is another type of bias that occurs when participants receive a subtle cue from a researcher that indicates the response they desire from the participant.

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