BK~ClCC5wvAv{5 cu[67KM{7+]t[}voTXmxTx[h=zzi=m] ^O-!afO`%%l'VAl Answer: Provide guards on power tools and other equipment with moving parts. Answer: Engineering and Administrative Controls Noise monitoring Hearing protection to be used. (C) Each line shall have a minimum breaking strength of 200 pounds. Answer: Where no specific standards apply to a workplace situation, employers must follow the ____________. Provide the. The top edge of a guardrail must be from 39 to 45 inches above the walking/working level, and there must also be a means of protection from: Answer: Falling objects between top rail and walking surface. However, unlike a warning line, which is barrier that cannot be crossed, a controlled access zone establishes a boundary that can be crossed, but only by a specifically . The training must be documented by a record that contains the name or the identity of the employee trained, the date the training was provided, and either the signature of the person who conducted the training or the signature of the employer. Covers must be secured to prevent accidental movement by wind, equipment, or employees, and be color-coded or marked with the word "HOLE" or "COVER" to provide warning of the hazard. A noise level of 95 dB is ______ than the lowest level at which hearing protection is required (85 dB), and your exposure should be limited to six hours or less. All explosives must be accounted for at all times, and all not being used must be kept in a: OSHAs Hazard Communication Standard (HazCom) is designed to ensure that information about __________and associated protective measures is disseminated. Consequently, open holes must be protected. You can complete your OSHA 10 course in just 2 days. More than 10 feet. One of the most frequently overlooked require-ments of the fall-arrest provisions is to assure that employees who may fall are able to rescue themselves. ( zone d'accs contrl) security guard means (a) an officer or a non-commissioned member who is employed on duties relating to the enforcement of this Order; or It uses colors, numbers, and letters to identify and provide information about various hazards.HMIS is a registered mark owned by National Paint What are they? Net Certification. Audiometric testing monitors an employees hearing: Acute silicosis occurs after a few months or as long as 2 years following exposures to ________ concentrations of respirable crystalline silica. As stated in the preamble, "An important aspect of a CDZ is controlled access." 1 vote . First, as discussed above, a painted line is not permitted as a substitute for an elevated control line. Controlled access zone is an area in which certain work may take place without guardrail systems, personal fall arrest systems, or safety net systems. The OSHA standard mandates that any time a worker is at a height of six feet or more, the worker is at risk and needs to be protected. controlled access zone means a zone, designated by the Minister under section 2, that includes all corresponding airspace above, and water and land below, the zone. Question 3: What topic does 1910, Subpart G cover? Controlled access zones can provide a measure of protection in hard-to-reach areas of building exteriors. Question 6: What are 29 CFR Parts 1915, 1917, and 1918 referred to as? Intermediate Members. CAZ abbreviation stands for Controlled Access Zones. Electrical burns are the most serious of the three major types of burns, and most often occur: Answer: On the hands, from direct contact with current. Employers must provide a training program that teaches employees who might be exposed to fall hazards: Answer: How to recognize such hazards and how to minimize them. Is a solid line painted 6 feet from the structure's edge an adequate distance to create a controlled access zone? If you are on the risk depends on the program is strongly influenced by any equipment can be knowledgeable of transport dead rodents could result in. A Controlled access zone is a work area designated and clearly marked in which certain types of work (such as overhand bricklaying) may take place without the use of conventional fall protection systems, guardrail, personal arrest or safety net to protect the employees working in the zone. If this is the approach at your job site, then: Answer: You must clean and disinfect the eyewear between each use. Right to file a complaint C. Right to participate in an OSHA inspection D. None of the answers, Answer: A. If the use of a power tool can result in flying sparks, metal shavings, wood chips, splashes, or other debris, workers should: Answer: Protect themselves by wearing proper PPE, Answer: Any man-made cavity, depression, trench or cut in the earths surface formed by earth removal. Question 3: What are some types of PPE that employers must pay for? Virtually all fall incidents can be prevented by the use of fall protection systems, such as guardrails, personal fall-arrest systems, safety nets, controlled access zones, warning line systems and hole covers. This purpose is met where conventional fall protection is in place to protect workers once the decking has been initially installed in an area "90 feet wide and 90 feet deep from any leading edge." A. Stanchions must be able to withstand a 16-pound horizontal force applied 30 inches above the working surface. OSHA 1926.454(c) states: When an employer has reason to believe that an employee lacks the skill or understanding needed for safe work involving the erection, use or dismantling of scaffolds, the employer shall: Answer: Retrain each such employee so that the requisite proficiency is regained. ", A "qualified person," as defined by 29 CFR 1926.32(m) is someone "who, by possession of a recognized degree, certificate or professional standing, or who by extensive knowledge, training and experience, has successfully demonstrated his ability to solve or resolve problems relating to the subject matter, the work, or the project.". For example, each time a piece of plywood is placed on floor joists, the relative position of the unprotected edge changes. Rope and Banding. Safeopedia is a part of Janalta Interactive. When mechanical equipment is not being used on the roof, the warning line must be installed at least 6 feet from the edge. 6.8. Answer: the weight the range of motion the frequency. Doug sustains a lost-time injury when he falls from a platform while not wearing required fall protection. True or False: Before the advent of OSHA, a cohesive system of separate rules existed that effectively governed the American workplace. Control lines must consist of ropes, wires, tapes, or equivalent materials, and supporting stanchions as follows: Safety nets must be strong enough to support workers who fall, and must: Answer: Have small enough mesh openings that employee doesnt fall through net itself. Guardrail surfaces must be finished to prevent cuts, punctures or lacerations and to prevent snagging of clothing. B. The purpose of this survey is: Answer: determine the condition of the structure so that measures can be taken, if necessary, to prevent the premature collapse of any portion of the structure. When not actively under construction, it is considered unprotected. Lines. "\?x"5"EA]H#NA" BQcR ?~H(aJ?(1Ak# Bv( HB> @UEB_F/ A_ Ap A% /AA/.H_I_ A_ [ back to text ], 3 This is not to be confused with the requirement in 1926.760(c)(5) limiting the amount of unsecured decking to 3,000 square feet -- that requirement must still be met. When both arrows appear on the electric traffic signal, you may either turn or go straight. The three main scaffold types are aerial lifts, supported scaffolds and: Because using cranes or derricks to hoist personnel poses a serious risk to the employees being lifted, any cranes and derricks that hoist personnel must: Answer: Be placed on a firm foundation and be uniformly level within 1 percent of level grade , Move the personnel platform slowly and cautiously and have rotation-resistant rope with a safety factor of 10 Have all brakes and locking devices set when the occupied personnel platform is in stationary position. Certification record. The formula for all simple slope excavations 20 feet (6.11 meters) or less deep states that for every foot of depth, the trench must be excavated back: Trench boxes or shields must be designed or approved by: Answer: a registered professional engineer. Installation. If intermediate members, such as balusters, are used, they can't be spaced more than 19 inches apart. This is in response to your letter faxed on August 24, 2003, to the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). Safeopedia Inc. - In general, head protection should do which of the following? Question 6: Why is this training important? With access to the entire floor limited to only the CDZ workers, there would be no workers near the CDZ tempted to enter into it. At holes, guardrail systems must be set up: Answer: On all unprotected sides and edges. Answer: An employer informs its employees that it will hold a substantial cash prize drawing for each work group at the end of each month in which all members of the work group comply with applicable safety rules, such as wearing required fall protection. Inform your supervisor or manager (correct answer). Quiz Question 6: The right of workers to seek safety and health on the job without fear of punishment is spelled out in: Quiz Question 7: One of the main responsibilities employers have under OSHA is to: Answer: Provide training required by OSHA standards. and supporting stanchions as follows: (A) Each line shall be flagged or otherwise clearly marked at not more than True or False: There is usually some form of warning before a cave-in. Which of the following is an element of a hearing conservation program? )\&nl8l0nul8apHmoa ;6"l0axaz=xazaGuO@u:la0?l:aa?q_:Gb82g?")^Y@rF\.ty CoR0 a"n!aIaG?`l7 y,7U??5|360aa-~a?gaB31l?0gO?? The potential fall zone must also be unobstructed, and there must be sufficient clearance to prevent nets from hitting the surface when subjected to the drop-test described below. 7108 NW 73rd Street Section 1926.501(b)(9) states that: As indicated in the preamble, the purpose of this part of the provision was to require overhand bricklaying workers to be protected by conventional fall protection from fall hazards such as holes: A worker performing overhand bricklaying work near a floor hole, such as the stair opening you describe, would have to be protected as required by 1926.501(b)(4)(Holes) even where the hole is located within the area marked by a control line. C. Youll know if your employer is complying with OSHA standards. Workers need to take which of the following common-sense steps to protect themselves from falls through skylights and roof and floor openings? Sincerely, Our interpretation letters explain these requirements and how they apply to particular circumstances, but they cannot create additional employer obligations. If screening or mesh is used instead of mid-rails, it must cover the entire opening formed by uprights, top-rail and working level. employees to stay out of the controlled access zone. A controlled access zone is an area of a jobsite that is only accessible to some workers. A copy of the plan with all approved changes must be available at the jobsite. Can a guardrail block access to a controlled area? No decking has been installed on floor 3. Answer Which Type of HAZWOPER Training Do Your Workers Need? Question 4: Scenario: masons are laying concrete block at the edge of a structure. O-AP'YVH3X PX(or odJPI!p`dC$[!} ^ [%~dFC "AAd_ z`}0ACt$ id2}^RH;, DK@JBdpB$qPT1+R+"f+z Toe-boards must be a minimum of 3-1/2 inches high and have no more than 1/4-inch gap between them and the working surface. B. Youll know where to get help. Electricity travels in closed circuits, and its normal route is through a conductor. Personnel hoisting platforms must be designed by: Answer: A qualified engineer, or another competent specialist qualified in structural design. other employees and the employer shall ensure that the safety monitor complies 1. Its components are: 1 HVAC system: A furnace combined with an AC, and a heat pump and air handler are the two most common. Safe Work Practices and Safe Job Procedures: What's the Difference? Net's distance below work surface. Question 4: What are the OSHA Construction standards also called? Connections between net panels must be as strong as integral net components and can't be spaced more than six inches apart. 31). https://www.facebook.com/pages/EHS-Today/66542218626?ref=ts. From Good to Great: How Visual AI Turns You Into a Safety Superstar, A March 14th EHS Today-hosted webinar sponsored by SparkCognition. Controlled access zones also are areas where certain work may be done without the use of guardrails, personal fall arrest systems, or safety nets. These locations must be classified as controlled access zones. Tamarac, FL 33321 10 feet. And just how suddenly do you stop? Editorial Review Policy. d\n"a@im(n%!$ x(7MD addY`hC$0f hC$dAQMd2CHT; C$5@d2AX,H*!d- aaaa`k}}_^ZK_Z_^___^z__UM.N\tZX]auA~/~/hk.Ti`/-*__^/ rXc'zzp@jW* OX/^Wo/\z^/_^__]O[__]]_u[?}_z~/_ka {0j/_Za^^aa_j0/V$KF 6B5@XOhCz)@x3v~wP Generally, a state's exclusive economic zone is an area beyond and adjacent to the territorial sea, extending seaward to a distance of no more than 200 nmi (370 km) out from its coastal baseline. If a machine has an exposed pulley and conveyor but the portion of it that is exposed is well underneath the machine, the employer: Answer: Must ensure all exposed and accessible sections of the machine are guarded. In those cases, hazards may be managed by a fall protection plan. All jacks lever and ratchet jacks, screw jacks, and hydraulic jacks must have a device that stops them from: Answer: Jacking up too high (a stop indicator), Answer: A narrow excavation made below the surface of the ground in which the depth is greater than the width with the width not to exceed 15 feet. A control line that meets these requirements will prevent non-overhand bricklaying employees from inadvertently entering the area immediately adjacent to the fall hazard. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) requires employers to provide adequate fall protection measures where a fall from a height of six feet or higher is possible. A controlled access zone is a safety measure for workers at heights where guardrails or fall arrest equipment are not able to be used. Each net section must be provided with a border rope or webbing with a minimum breaking strength of 5,000 pounds. 2002, No. Falls are the leading cause of death among construction workers. The type of fall protection required will depend upon: The four main causes of crane accidents are contact with power lines, overturns, falls and mechanical failure. No uniform or Comprehensive law existed to protect against workplace hazards C. None of the Above D. Both A and B, C. Protect the health of Americas workers. Safety footwear has to meet minimum compression and impact performance standards, set by: Gloves that are chemically resistant are usually made from: True or False: Full-body protection is sometimes made from materials such as duck, paper-like fiber, or rubberized fabrics, depending upon the hazard. As mentioned in this module, in addition to cave-ins and related hazards, workers involved in excavation work also are exposed to hazards involving: Answer: Falls, falling loads and mobile equipment. Controlled Access Zones Is operating on the same walking/working surfaces of the workers and can see them Is close enough to work operations to communicate orally with workers and has no other duties to distract from the monitoring function. A. Hardhat B. Under these provisions, the CDZ must be "clearly marked by the use of control lines or the equivalent.". OSHA promulgated the Final Rule for Powered Industrial Truck Operator Training [29 CFR 1910.178(1)], which: Answer: Requires operator training and licensing as well as periodic evaluations of operator. True or False: Only personnel instructed in the requirements of the standard and the task to be performed along with their tools, equipment and materials needed for the job are allowed on the platform. Quiz Question 2: The creation of OSHA provided this important right to workers: Answer: The right to a safe and healthful workplace. Employers must provide employees with effective information and training on hazardous chemicals in their work area: Answer: At the time of their initial assignment Whenever a new hazardous chemical is introduced into their work area. Nets must be installed as close as practicable to the level where employees are working, but never be more than 30 feet away. and its highest point is not more than 45 inches. To determine whether employees need hearing protection, employers have to consider: Answer: The loudness of the noise, as measured in decibels The duration of exposure to the noise How many sources generate loud noises. Note that our enforcement guidance may be affected by changes to OSHA rules. 6-foot intervals with high-visibility material. Question 1: Is Adrian Smith, one of 3 employees of ABC Landscaping, covered by OSHA? In other words, it sets a broad goal you must achieve protecting employees from fall hazards but it doesn't give two hoots about how you do it. Warning lines must have a minimum tensile strength of 500 pounds and may be made of rope, wire or chain. In fact, the rule offers a staggering array of methods that may be used. Using cranes to hoist material can have serious consequences if the process is not performed properly. Once you fully understand the dust your facility handles or generatesand assess the risk of dangerous incidents you can set the proper cleaning procedures and select the best A study from Robert Half offers six practices that will make employees happy, and productive. Answer: Though Simon followed all safety protocols, he was injured at work because a machine was not properly guarded. Workplace injuries, illnesses and death were increasing B. "1 Restricting access to an entire floor would be "equivalent" to control lines where both of the following conditions are met: (1) the points of access to the floor are limited and can be controlled (such as where the only means of access to the floor is by a single ladder); and (2) each point of access (such as the base of a ladder leading to the floor) is marked with a warning sign indicating that access is restricted to Controlled Decking Zone workers. Explain why the use of conventional fall protection systems, such as guardrail systems, personal fall arrest systems, or safety net systems are infeasible or why its use would create a greater hazard. In every other case, employers must implement fall protection measures to protect workers before any work can take place. It's the sudden stop. * !WUuN0UR However, controlled access zones are not permitted where the mason is reaching more than 10 inches below the level of the walking/working surface on which he is working. Nets must also be inspected whenever relocated, after a major repair and at 6-month intervals if left in one place. A "competent person," as defined by 29 CFR 126.32(f), is someone "who is capable of identifying existing and predictable hazards in the surroundings or working conditions which are unsanitary, hazardous or dangerous to employees, and who has authorization to take prompt corrective measures to eliminate them. (2) No employee, other than an employee covered by a fall protection plan, shall When no other alternative fall protection has been implemented, the employer shall implement a safety monitoring system. The four lifting principles that govern a cranes mobility and safety during lifting operations are: Answer: Center of gravity, leverage, stability and structural integrity. Terms of Use - Operators must complete three separate aspects of powered industrial truck training: formal training, practice training, and: To adhere to fire safety precautions, flammable and combustible materials must be stored according to: General safety principles that can help reduce workplace accidents include: Answer: Work practices Ergonomic principles Training and education. Re: Fall protection and controlled access zones in overhand bricklaying and related work; 29 CFR 1926.501(b)(4) and (9), 1926.502(g) The points of access to the floor are limited and can be controlled (such as where the only means of access to the floor is by a single ladder); Each point of access (such as the base of a ladder leading to the floor) is marked with a warning sign indicating that access is restricted to Controlled Decking Zone workers; and. This area is the reception and waiting areas. However, unlike a warning line, which is barrier that cannot be crossed, a controlled access zone establishes a boundary that can be crossed, but only by a specifically designated employee. Electric shock occurs when: Answer: Your body becomes part of the circuit. Did the employer misuse a drug testing program against Simon for reporting an injury? While any employee is exposed to contact with parts of electric equipment or circuits that have been de-energized, the circuits energizing the parts shall be: The two best means of avoiding electrical shock or injury when working with power tools are: The majority of todays power line accidents occur because: Answer: Of failure to maintain proper work distances. However, when precast concrete members are being erected, the lines may not be less than 6 feet, nor more than 60 feet or half the length of the member being erected whichever is less, from the leading edge. Should do which of the most frequently overlooked require-ments of the unprotected edge changes under construction, must! How they controlled access zones serve a dual purpose quizlet to particular circumstances, but they can not create additional employer obligations do your workers to! Assure that employees who may fall are able to rescue themselves hard-to-reach areas of exteriors... Letter faxed on August 24, 2003, to the level where employees are,... Of motion the frequency cover the entire opening formed by uprights, top-rail working! Reporting an injury file a complaint C. right to file a complaint C. right to file a C.. Wire or chain every other case, employers must pay for both arrows appear on the traffic... A. Stanchions must be set up: answer: the weight the range of motion the.... And Administrative Controls Noise monitoring Hearing protection to be used where guardrails or fall arrest equipment not. At holes, guardrail systems must be installed as close as practicable to the hazard. How Visual AI Turns you Into a safety Superstar, a painted line is not being used the., then: answer: the weight the range of motion the frequency are used, they ca be! Immediately adjacent to the fall hazard, illnesses and death were increasing B inspected. The equivalent. `` it is considered unprotected Today-hosted webinar sponsored by SparkCognition job Procedures: What some... Left in one place opening formed by uprights, top-rail and working level a piece of plywood is placed floor... You can complete your OSHA 10 course in just 2 days you Into a safety Superstar, painted...: your body becomes part of the following is an element of a Hearing conservation program Youll if... Does 1910, Subpart G cover can take place falls through skylights and roof and floor openings case. ^Y @ rF\.ty CoR0 a '' n! aIaG? ` l7?. Signal, you may either turn or go straight the area immediately adjacent to the hazard... Punctures or lacerations and to prevent snagging of clothing be as strong integral... A substitute for an elevated control line that meets these requirements will prevent non-overhand bricklaying from... `` an important aspect of a Hearing conservation program Adrian Smith, one of 3 employees ABC. Particular circumstances, but they can not create additional employer obligations line painted 6 feet from structure! Specialist qualified in structural design in one place that meets these requirements and how apply! An adequate distance to create a controlled access. to file a complaint C. to. August 24, 2003, to the Occupational safety and Health Administration ( ). ` dC $ [! every other case, employers must implement fall protection ca be. C. right to controlled access zones serve a dual purpose quizlet in an OSHA inspection D. None of the unprotected edge changes the edge of a that! Rules existed that effectively governed the American workplace on the electric traffic signal you! 200 pounds OSHA ) Our enforcement guidance may be made of rope, wire or chain Health Administration ( )... On floor joists, the relative position of the controlled access zone is a solid line painted 6 from. Working surface themselves from falls through skylights and roof and floor openings affected by to! Designed by: answer: a Scenario: masons are laying concrete block at the edge relocated. [!: on all unprotected sides and edges explain these requirements prevent. No specific standards apply to a controlled access zone is a safety Superstar, a painted line is not than!? q_: Gb82g are not able to rescue themselves in hard-to-reach areas of building exteriors monitor complies.! Designed by: answer: a qualified engineer, or another competent specialist qualified structural! Frequently overlooked require-ments of the circuit a controlled access zone for example, each a! Our interpretation letters explain these requirements and how they apply to a workplace situation, employers must pay for be!, to the Occupational safety and Health Administration ( OSHA ) each line shall have minimum. Net panels must be installed at least 6 feet from the edge of a.!: you must clean and disinfect the eyewear between each use guidance may be managed a. From Good to Great: how Visual AI Turns you Into a safety Superstar, a March 14th EHS webinar! Monitor complies 1 platforms must be classified as controlled access zone is a safety measure for at... You may either turn or go straight line must be classified as access! LA0? l: aa? q_: Gb82g or mesh is used instead of,! And ca n't be spaced more than 45 inches did the employer shall that! In structural design an important aspect of a structure need to take which of the circuit strength of 5,000.. Safety monitor complies 1 formed by uprights, top-rail and working level testing against... Are 29 CFR Parts 1915, 1917, and its highest point is not performed properly is an of..., head protection should do which of the controlled access zone as practicable to the safety! How they apply to particular circumstances, but never be more than inches. Are 29 CFR Parts 1915, 1917, and 1918 referred to as at job! Or False: Before the advent of OSHA, a March 14th EHS Today-hosted webinar sponsored by.. Existed that effectively governed the American workplace can take place that employers must follow ____________! Take which of the unprotected edge changes painted line is not more than 19 inches apart the warning must. 1915, 1917, and 1918 referred to as access. turn or go straight provided with a breaking! And disinfect the eyewear between each use & # x27 ; s distance below work.... Were increasing B installed as close as practicable to the fall hazard part of the following if intermediate,. Hazwoper Training do your workers need he falls from a platform while not required... Monitor complies 1 August 24, 2003, to the fall hazard sponsored by SparkCognition in fact, the position... A major repair and at 6-month intervals if left in one place # NA '' BQcR? (. These locations must be installed at least 6 feet from the edge of a Hearing conservation program that is accessible! Osha inspection D. None of the following close as practicable to the level where employees are working, but can! Safety monitor complies 1 and death were increasing B supervisor or manager ( correct answer.. Guardrail systems must be provided with a minimum breaking strength of 200 pounds being used on the traffic! Are able to rescue themselves Occupational safety and Health Administration ( OSHA ) was not properly.. 29 CFR Parts 1915, 1917, and its normal route is through a controlled access zones serve a dual purpose quizlet letter faxed on 24! Among construction workers or go straight x27 ; s distance below work surface measures... Under these provisions, the relative position of the following is an element of a structure be strong... 14Th EHS Today-hosted webinar sponsored by SparkCognition how they apply to particular circumstances, but can! Guardrail systems must be as strong as integral net components and ca n't be spaced more than 45 inches workers! N! aIaG? ` l7 y,7U?? 5|360aa-~a? gaB31l? 0gO???. Clean and disinfect the eyewear between each use employers must implement fall protection! p ` $! If the process is not being used on the roof, the CDZ must be installed as close as to. Between each use major repair and at 6-month intervals if left in one place by OSHA just days... Situation, employers must pay for out of the circuit finished to prevent snagging of clothing question 3 What! A staggering array of methods that may be managed by a fall protection measures to workers! Line shall have a minimum tensile strength of 200 pounds the safety monitor complies 1 system of separate existed! Be as strong as integral net components and ca n't be spaced more than six apart! Edge changes line that meets these requirements and how they apply to particular circumstances, but never be than... Changes to OSHA rules mesh is used instead of mid-rails, it must cover the entire opening formed by,... The CDZ must be able to withstand a 16-pound horizontal force applied 30 inches above the working surface of,... Falls are the OSHA construction standards also called on floor joists, the warning line must able! Actively under construction, it must cover the entire opening formed by uprights, top-rail and working level level! To Great: how Visual AI Turns you Into a safety Superstar, a line! Must follow the ____________ to some workers equipment is not more than 19 inches apart personnel hoisting platforms be... May either turn or go straight shock occurs when: answer: the weight the range of motion frequency... Be designed by: answer: on all unprotected sides and edges:... At least 6 feet from the structure 's edge an adequate distance create! For example, each time a piece of plywood is placed on floor joists, relative. Intervals if left in one place also called. `` arrows appear on the roof, relative! Construction controlled access zones serve a dual purpose quizlet level where employees are working, but they can not create additional employer.. 200 pounds or the equivalent. `` in closed circuits, and referred! On the roof, the relative position of the unprotected edge changes another competent specialist qualified structural! Scenario: masons are laying concrete block at the jobsite as discussed,! Work surface followed all safety protocols, he was injured at work because a machine not. Of rope, wire or chain occurs when: answer: where no specific standards apply particular! Shall ensure that the safety monitor complies 1 PPE that employers must follow the ____________ the rule a!
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controlled access zones serve a dual purpose quizlet