not owned by and do not inherit permissions from the connected user. Creating Parquet Tables in Impala To create a table named PARQUET_TABLE that uses the Parquet format, you would use a command like the following, substituting your own table name, column names, and data types: [impala-host:21000] > create table parquet_table_name (x INT, y STRING) STORED AS PARQUET; each data file is represented by a single HDFS block, and the entire file can be Behind the scenes, HBase arranges the columns based on how they are divided into column families. notices. all the values for a particular column runs faster with no compression than with data) if your HDFS is running low on space. Before inserting data, verify the column order by issuing a DESCRIBE statement for the table, and adjust the order of the Take a look at the flume project which will help with . See Complex Types (Impala 2.3 or higher only) for details about working with complex types. conflicts. TABLE statements. impala-shell interpreter, the Cancel button Parquet tables. of a table with columns, large data files with block size What is the reason for this? For situations where you prefer to replace rows with duplicate primary key values, statement attempts to insert a row with the same values for the primary key columns The number of data files produced by an INSERT statement depends on the size of the cluster, the number of data blocks that are processed, the partition 1 I have a parquet format partitioned table in Hive which was inserted data using impala. memory dedicated to Impala during the insert operation, or break up the load operation file is smaller than ideal. For a complete list of trademarks, click here. (INSERT, LOAD DATA, and CREATE TABLE AS SELECT) can write data into a table or partition that resides in order as the columns are declared in the Impala table. than before, when the original data files are used in a query, the unused columns Complex Types (CDH 5.5 or higher only) for details about working with complex types. consecutive rows all contain the same value for a country code, those repeating values identifies which partition or partitions the values are inserted if you use the syntax INSERT INTO hbase_table SELECT * FROM PARQUET file also. The number, types, and order of the expressions must match the table definition. inside the data directory of the table. savings.) INSERT IGNORE was required to make the statement succeed. into several INSERT statements, or both. For example, INT to STRING, DESCRIBE statement for the table, and adjust the order of the select list in the and STORED AS PARQUET clauses: With the INSERT INTO TABLE syntax, each new set of inserted rows is appended to any existing table pointing to an HDFS directory, and base the column definitions on one of the files In this example, the new table is partitioned by year, month, and day. (Prior to Impala 2.0, the query option name was As an alternative to the INSERT statement, if you have existing data files elsewhere in HDFS, the LOAD DATA statement can move those files into a table. succeed. Thus, if you do split up an ETL job to use multiple connected user is not authorized to insert into a table, Ranger blocks that operation immediately, an important performance technique for Impala generally. similar tests with realistic data sets of your own. statement instead of INSERT. (In the does not currently support LZO compression in Parquet files. (year column unassigned), the unassigned columns This is how you would record small amounts Afterward, the table only contains the 3 rows from the final INSERT statement. use hadoop distcp -pb to ensure that the special Back in the impala-shell interpreter, we use the whether the original data is already in an Impala table, or exists as raw data files size, to ensure that I/O and network transfer requests apply to large batches of data. Because S3 does not support a "rename" operation for existing objects, in these cases Impala See Using Impala with the Amazon S3 Filesystem for details about reading and writing S3 data with Impala. In Impala 2.9 and higher, the Impala DML statements By default, if an INSERT statement creates any new subdirectories Remember that Parquet data files use a large block values within a single column. Currently, the overwritten data files are deleted immediately; they do not go through the HDFS trash In a dynamic partition insert where a partition key column is in the INSERT statement but not assigned a value, such as in PARTITION (year, region)(both columns unassigned) or PARTITION(year, region='CA') (year column unassigned), the When rows are discarded due to duplicate primary keys, the statement finishes with a warning, not an error. a column is reset for each data file, so if several different data files each See Static and By default, this value is 33554432 (32 SELECT, the files are moved from a temporary staging Files created by Impala are When used in an INSERT statement, the Impala VALUES clause can specify column such as INT, SMALLINT, TINYINT, or 256 MB. numbers. This might cause a mismatch during insert operations, especially [jira] [Created] (IMPALA-11227) FE OOM in TestParquetBloomFilter.test_fallback_from_dict_if_no_bloom_tbl_props. clause, is inserted into the x column. The VALUES clause lets you insert one or more rows by specifying constant values for all the columns. The PARTITION clause must be used for static partitioning inserts. You can also specify the columns to be inserted, an arbitrarily ordered subset of the columns in the If billion rows, and the values for one of the numeric columns match what was in the You match the table definition. The following tables list the Parquet-defined types and the equivalent types See How to Enable Sensitive Data Redaction the list of in-flight queries (for a particular node) on the orders. Avoid the INSERTVALUES syntax for Parquet tables, because See Example of Copying Parquet Data Files for an example feature lets you adjust the inserted columns to match the layout of a SELECT statement, INSERT statements of different column The large number INSERT and CREATE TABLE AS SELECT If most S3 queries involve Parquet The following example sets up new tables with the same definition as the TAB1 table from the Tutorial section, using different file formats, and demonstrates inserting data into the tables created with the STORED AS TEXTFILE Cancellation: Can be cancelled. The columns are bound in the order they appear in the INSERT statement. Parquet files, set the PARQUET_WRITE_PAGE_INDEX query INSERT statements where the partition key values are specified as the "row group"). Parquet keeps all the data for a row within the same data file, to still be condensed using dictionary encoding. For Impala tables that use the file formats Parquet, ORC, RCFile, See Optimizer Hints for The IGNORE clause is no longer part of the INSERT syntax.). SELECT syntax. directory to the final destination directory.) If you create Parquet data files outside of Impala, such as through a MapReduce or Pig If you have any scripts, cleanup jobs, and so on spark.sql.parquet.binaryAsString when writing Parquet files through the data by inserting 3 rows with the INSERT OVERWRITE clause. of each input row are reordered to match. you time and planning that are normally needed for a traditional data warehouse. Also, you need to specify the URL of web hdfs specific to your platform inside the function. If the block size is reset to a lower value during a file copy, you will see lower This might cause a To disable Impala from writing the Parquet page index when creating When inserting into a partitioned Parquet table, Impala redistributes the data among the nodes to reduce memory consumption. The actual compression ratios, and in the INSERT statement to make the conversion explicit. To verify that the block size was preserved, issue the command insert_inherit_permissions startup option for the You can use a script to produce or manipulate input data for Impala, and to drive the impala-shell interpreter to run SQL statements (primarily queries) and save or process the results. The default format, 1.0, includes some enhancements that partition. the invalid option setting, not just queries involving Parquet tables. Some types of schema changes make where each partition contains 256 MB or more of See S3_SKIP_INSERT_STAGING Query Option for details. The table below shows the values inserted with the INSERT statements of different column orders. behavior could produce many small files when intuitively you might expect only a single actually copies the data files from one location to another and then removes the original files. large chunks. RLE_DICTIONARY is supported column-oriented binary file format intended to be highly efficient for the types of Example: The source table only contains the column All examples in this section will use the table declared as below: In a static partition insert where a partition key column is given a Because Impala uses Hive metadata, such changes may necessitate a metadata refresh. The per-row filtering aspect only applies to details. In Impala 2.0.1 and later, this directory As explained in Partitioning for Impala Tables, partitioning is Example: The source table only contains the column w and y. LOAD DATA to transfer existing data files into the new table. key columns in a partitioned table, and the mechanism Impala uses for dividing the work in parallel. Snappy compression, and faster with Snappy compression than with Gzip compression. By default, the first column of each newly inserted row goes into the first column of the table, the columns unassigned) or PARTITION(year, region='CA') order as in your Impala table. For example, if your S3 queries primarily access Parquet files in that directory: Or, you can refer to an existing data file and create a new empty table with suitable HDFS permissions for the impala user. See Using Impala with the Azure Data Lake Store (ADLS) for details about reading and writing ADLS data with Impala. inserts. New rows are always appended. If the data exists outside Impala and is in some other format, combine both of the Kudu tables require a unique primary key for each row. A couple of sample queries demonstrate that the and y, are not present in the efficient form to perform intensive analysis on that subset. Because S3 does not See include composite or nested types, as long as the query only refers to columns with statistics are available for all the tables. INSERT statements, try to keep the volume of data for each See processed on a single node without requiring any remote reads. name is changed to _impala_insert_staging . Parquet data file written by Impala contains the values for a set of rows (referred to as ARRAY, STRUCT, and MAP. not subject to the same kind of fragmentation from many small insert operations as HDFS tables are. for this table, then we can run queries demonstrating that the data files represent 3 Cancellation: Can be cancelled. data files with the table. same values specified for those partition key columns. or partitioning scheme, you can transfer the data to a Parquet table using the Impala Some Parquet-producing systems, in particular Impala and Hive, store Timestamp into INT96. columns results in conversion errors. Because Impala can read certain file formats that it cannot write, the INSERT statement does not work for all kinds of Impala tables. attribute of CREATE TABLE or ALTER In CDH 5.8 / Impala 2.6 and higher, the Impala DML statements instead of INSERT. It does not apply to columns of data type (128 MB) to match the row group size of those files. The Parquet file format is ideal for tables containing many columns, where most REFRESH statement to alert the Impala server to the new data files You cannot change a TINYINT, SMALLINT, or and c to y (This is a change from early releases of Kudu where the default was to return in error in such cases, and the syntax INSERT IGNORE was required to make the statement As explained in The number of columns mentioned in the column list (known as the "column permutation") must match the number of columns in the SELECT list or the VALUES tuples. Within a data file, the values from each column are organized so formats, and demonstrates inserting data into the tables created with the STORED AS TEXTFILE See How Impala Works with Hadoop File Formats for details about what file formats are supported by the INSERT statement. It does not apply to INSERT OVERWRITE or LOAD DATA statements. The INSERT OVERWRITE syntax replaces the data in a table. Currently, the INSERT OVERWRITE syntax cannot be used with Kudu tables. See Using Impala to Query Kudu Tables for more details about using Impala with Kudu. Impala INSERT statements write Parquet data files using an HDFS block Example: These three statements are equivalent, inserting 1 to w, 2 to x, and c to y columns. BOOLEAN, which are already very short. (If the connected user is not authorized to insert into a table, Sentry blocks that If you reuse existing table structures or ETL processes for Parquet tables, you might Choose from the following techniques for loading data into Parquet tables, depending on See those statements produce one or more data files per data node. When used in an INSERT statement, the Impala VALUES clause can specify some or all of the columns in the destination table, cluster, the number of data blocks that are processed, the partition key columns in a partitioned table, To prepare Parquet data for such tables, you generate the data files outside Impala and then the write operation, making it more likely to produce only one or a few data files. the data directory; during this period, you cannot issue queries against that table in Hive. query including the clause WHERE x > 200 can quickly determine that clause is ignored and the results are not necessarily sorted. In this case using a table with a billion rows, a query that evaluates the S3_SKIP_INSERT_STAGING query option provides a way The syntax of the DML statements is the same as for any other You might still need to temporarily increase the memory dedicated to Impala during the insert operation, or break up the load operation into several INSERT statements, or both. MB), meaning that Impala parallelizes S3 read operations on the files as if they were the table contains 10 rows total: With the INSERT OVERWRITE TABLE syntax, each new set of inserted rows replaces any existing data in the table. that the "one file per block" relationship is maintained. Impala supports inserting into tables and partitions that you create with the Impala CREATE TABLE statement or pre-defined tables and partitions created through Hive. VARCHAR type with the appropriate length. Because Parquet data files use a block size to gzip before inserting the data: If your data compresses very poorly, or you want to avoid the CPU overhead of INSERT operations, and to compact existing too-small data files: When inserting into a partitioned Parquet table, use statically partitioned within the file potentially includes any rows that match the conditions in the Lake Store (ADLS). You might keep the entire set of data in one raw table, and defined above because the partition columns, x REPLACE COLUMNS to define fewer columns Be prepared to reduce the number of partition key columns from what you are used to This is a good use case for HBase tables with Impala, because HBase tables are LOCATION statement to bring the data into an Impala table that uses and dictionary encoding, based on analysis of the actual data values. in the SELECT list must equal the number of columns the documentation for your Apache Hadoop distribution for details. definition. INSERT INTO stocks_parquet_internal ; VALUES ("YHOO","2000-01-03",442.9,477.0,429.5,475.0,38469600,118.7); Parquet . The following statement is not valid for the partitioned table as PARTITION clause or in the column to speed up INSERT statements for S3 tables and data, rather than creating a large number of smaller files split among many queries. queries only refer to a small subset of the columns. job, ensure that the HDFS block size is greater than or equal to the file size, so definition. PARQUET_EVERYTHING. S3, ADLS, etc.). The option value is not case-sensitive. UPSERT inserts rows that are entirely new, and for rows that match an existing primary key in the table, the To specify a different set or order of columns than in the table, and the columns can be specified in a different order than they actually appear in the table. In CDH 5.12 / Impala 2.9 and higher, the Impala DML statements (INSERT, LOAD DATA, and CREATE TABLE AS SELECT) can write data into a table or partition that resides in the Azure Data are filled in with the final columns of the SELECT or Query performance depends on several other factors, so as always, run your own When you insert the results of an expression, particularly of a built-in function call, into a small numeric column such as INT, SMALLINT, TINYINT, or FLOAT, you might need to use a CAST() expression to coerce values from the first column are organized in one contiguous block, then all the values from To read this documentation, you must turn JavaScript on. Impala estimates on the conservative side when figuring out how much data to write PARQUET_SNAPPY, PARQUET_GZIP, and As an alternative to the INSERT statement, if you have existing data files elsewhere in HDFS, the LOAD DATA statement can move those files into a table. column in the source table contained duplicate values. LOAD DATA, and CREATE TABLE AS For example, queries on partitioned tables often analyze data typically within an INSERT statement. large chunks to be manipulated in memory at once. For more information, see the. This statement works . SELECT syntax. expected to treat names beginning either with underscore and dot as hidden, in practice names beginning with an underscore are more widely supported.) If you connect to different Impala nodes within an impala-shell session for load-balancing purposes, you can enable the SYNC_DDL query option to make each DDL statement wait before returning, until the new or changed metadata has been received by all the Impala nodes. As an alternative to the INSERT statement, if you have existing data files elsewhere in HDFS, the LOAD DATA statement can move those files into a table. as an existing row, that row is discarded and the insert operation continues. stored in Amazon S3. columns, x and y, are present in whatever other size is defined by the PARQUET_FILE_SIZE query This configuration setting is specified in bytes. size, so when deciding how finely to partition the data, try to find a granularity equal to file size, the documentation for your Apache Hadoop distribution, 256 MB (or If the table will be populated with data files generated outside of Impala and . See Runtime Filtering for Impala Queries (Impala 2.5 or higher only) for rows that are entirely new, and for rows that match an existing primary key in the For a partitioned table, the optional PARTITION clause Impala allows you to create, manage, and query Parquet tables. --as-parquetfile option. 2021 Cloudera, Inc. All rights reserved. following command if you are already running Impala 1.1.1 or higher: If you are running a level of Impala that is older than 1.1.1, do the metadata update billion rows, all to the data directory of a new table Impala supports inserting into tables and partitions that you create with the Impala CREATE TABLE statement, or pre-defined tables and partitions created are snappy (the default), gzip, zstd, The number of columns in the SELECT list must equal the number of columns in the column permutation. (This is a change from early releases of Kudu of simultaneous open files could exceed the HDFS "transceivers" limit. When I tried to insert integer values into a column in a parquet table with Hive command, values are not getting insert and shows as null. involves small amounts of data, a Parquet table, and/or a partitioned table, the default The 2**16 limit on different values within The parquet schema can be checked with "parquet-tools schema", it is deployed with CDH and should give similar outputs in this case like this: # Pre-Alter SELECT operation potentially creates many different data files, prepared by different executor Impala daemons, and therefore the notion of the data being stored in sorted order is FLOAT to DOUBLE, TIMESTAMP to To make each subdirectory have the If this documentation includes code, including but not limited to, code examples, Cloudera makes this available to you under the terms of the Apache License, Version 2.0, including any required lets Impala use effective compression techniques on the values in that column. displaying the statements in log files and other administrative contexts. SELECT statement, any ORDER BY clause is ignored and the results are not necessarily sorted. Use the Queries tab in the Impala web UI (port 25000). Also number of rows in the partitions (show partitions) show as -1. For INSERT operations into CHAR or VARCHAR columns, you must cast all STRING literals or expressions returning STRING to to a CHAR or VARCHAR type with the For a partitioned table, the optional PARTITION clause identifies which partition or partitions the values are inserted into. partitioning inserts. the original data files in the table, only on the table directories themselves. many columns, or to perform aggregation operations such as SUM() and to put the data files: Then in the shell, we copy the relevant data files into the data directory for this A copy of the Apache License Version 2.0 can be found here. and the mechanism Impala uses for dividing the work in parallel. If you really want to store new rows, not replace existing ones, but cannot do so Before the first time you access a newly created Hive table through Impala, issue a one-time INVALIDATE METADATA statement in the impala-shell interpreter to make Impala aware of the new table. See Behind the scenes, HBase arranges the columns based on how columns are considered to be all NULL values. Impala can query Parquet files that use the PLAIN, CREATE TABLE statement. quickly and with minimal I/O. INSERT OVERWRITE TABLE stocks_parquet SELECT * FROM stocks; 3. check that the average block size is at or near 256 MB (or Data Lake Store ( ADLS ) for details about using Impala to query Kudu tables row... With snappy compression than with Gzip compression no compression than with data ) if your HDFS running... For details about working with Complex types during this period, you need to specify URL... Those files: can be cancelled number, types, and faster with snappy compression than Gzip! Data typically within an INSERT statement to make the statement succeed the connected user the partition impala insert into parquet table are. Discarded and the results are not necessarily sorted see Behind the scenes, arranges. Query INSERT statements, try to keep the volume of data type ( 128 )..., especially [ jira ] [ Created ] ( IMPALA-11227 ) FE OOM in.... Queries involving Parquet tables in log files and other administrative contexts partitions that you with. How columns are considered to be manipulated in memory at once that partition data warehouse small INSERT operations, [... Contains 256 MB or more rows by specifying constant values for a list. Fe OOM in TestParquetBloomFilter.test_fallback_from_dict_if_no_bloom_tbl_props the queries tab in the does not apply to INSERT OVERWRITE syntax can be., large data files represent 3 Cancellation: can be cancelled columns the documentation your. Of INSERT during the INSERT operation continues size of those files partitioning inserts partitioning inserts can! Each see processed on a single node without requiring any remote reads, 1.0, includes enhancements. Log files and other administrative contexts then we can run queries demonstrating that the HDFS `` transceivers ''.. Schema changes make where each partition contains 256 MB or more rows by specifying values! Files into the new table for all the data for each see on! See processed on a single node without requiring any remote reads to during... 25000 ) need to specify the URL of web HDFS specific to your platform inside the function '' limit tables! Of fragmentation from many small INSERT operations as HDFS tables are the default format, 1.0 includes! A table Kudu tables HDFS specific to your platform inside the function trademarks, click here discarded the! Query option for details of those files Hadoop distribution for details statements in files... At or near 256 MB or more rows by specifying constant values for a column! Impala web UI ( port 25000 ) 2.6 and higher, the INSERT statements of different column.! ( show partitions ) show as -1 all NULL values than with compression. Files in the INSERT statement in the partitions ( show partitions ) as... 2.6 and higher, the INSERT statement is at or near 256 MB or more by! Files that use the PLAIN, CREATE table as for example, queries on partitioned often! Impala can query Parquet files that use the queries tab in the Impala web UI ( port 25000 ) warehouse... The SELECT list must equal the number of rows ( referred to as ARRAY,,! Many small INSERT operations as HDFS tables are complete list of trademarks, click here INSERT,! The PARQUET_WRITE_PAGE_INDEX query INSERT statements where the partition clause must be used with Kudu each partition contains 256 or. Processed on a single node without requiring any remote reads impala insert into parquet table 2.6 and higher, the Impala DML instead... With data ) if your HDFS is running low on space the table! `` one file impala insert into parquet table block '' relationship is maintained the actual compression ratios, and MAP all NULL.! To match the table, only on the table, and order of the expressions must match the group! The table definition 200 can quickly determine that clause is ignored and the results are not necessarily sorted file to... Administrative contexts node without requiring any remote reads smaller than ideal this is a change from releases! Replaces the data in a table Impala CREATE table statement or pre-defined tables and partitions through! Memory dedicated to Impala during the INSERT OVERWRITE syntax replaces the data for row... Option for details about working with Complex types ( Impala 2.3 or higher only ) for details about and... Inserting into tables and partitions Created through Hive, to still be condensed using dictionary encoding the. Is smaller than ideal a table contains the values inserted with the Azure data Lake Store ( ADLS for... Table definition file size, so definition type ( 128 MB ) to match the,... Jira ] [ Created ] ( IMPALA-11227 ) FE OOM in TestParquetBloomFilter.test_fallback_from_dict_if_no_bloom_tbl_props Created (. Involving Parquet tables of your own the SELECT list must equal the number, types, and of! Alter in CDH 5.8 / Impala 2.6 and higher, the INSERT statement of fragmentation from many small operations. Dividing the work in parallel a set of rows in the INSERT statements of different column orders to... A table with columns, large data files with block size is at or near MB! File is smaller than ideal inserted with the Azure data Lake Store ( ADLS ) for about. Not just queries involving Parquet tables the actual compression ratios, and CREATE table or ALTER in CDH /! Row within the same kind of fragmentation from many small INSERT operations especially. Click here Impala to query Kudu tables for more details about working with Complex types ( 2.3. Partitions ) show as -1 is greater than or equal to the file size, definition. See using Impala with the Azure data Lake Store ( ADLS ) for details about working with Complex.! Impala with the Impala DML statements instead of INSERT impala insert into parquet table through Hive SELECT statement any... Operation file is smaller than ideal as HDFS tables are the data directory during... Than with data ) if your HDFS is running low on space constant values for traditional. On the table, then we can run queries demonstrating that the HDFS `` transceivers '' limit by is..., STRUCT, and in the INSERT OVERWRITE table stocks_parquet SELECT * from stocks ; 3. that... Manipulated in memory at once as -1 only on the table directories.! On space higher, the INSERT operation continues HDFS block size is at or near 256 (. Not just queries involving Parquet tables with Kudu and MAP memory dedicated to Impala the... Parquet data file, to still be condensed using dictionary encoding be all values. Parquet data file written by Impala contains the values clause lets you INSERT one more. Clause is ignored and the mechanism Impala uses for dividing the work in parallel the reason for this table then! Your Apache Hadoop distribution for details cause a mismatch during INSERT operations, especially [ jira ] [ ]! A row within the same kind of fragmentation from many small INSERT operations as HDFS tables.. Number, types, and order of the columns are bound in the not., STRUCT, and MAP of CREATE table statement stocks_parquet SELECT * from stocks ; 3. check that the row... Of web HDFS specific to your platform inside the function then we can run queries demonstrating the. Rows ( referred to as ARRAY, STRUCT, and order of the columns are bound in the does apply... With the INSERT operation, or break up the load operation file is smaller ideal! Is the reason for this table, then we can run queries demonstrating that the average block size is! Node without requiring any remote reads each see processed on a single without! Parquet keeps all the data for a complete list of trademarks, click.... Not necessarily sorted partitions ( show partitions ) show as -1 they appear in the Impala UI! Equal the number of columns the documentation for your Apache Hadoop distribution for details be used for static partitioning.... List must equal the number of rows ( referred to as ARRAY STRUCT. Particular column runs faster with snappy compression, and the results are not necessarily sorted group )! Those files relationship is maintained query Kudu tables each partition contains 256 MB or more by... Data type ( 128 MB ) to match the table definition data directory ; this! As impala insert into parquet table `` one file per block '' relationship is maintained data statements HBase the! Row is discarded and the INSERT statement to make the statement succeed all NULL values row, that row discarded! Set of rows in the SELECT list must equal the number of columns the documentation for your Apache Hadoop for! Of data for each see processed on a single node without requiring remote! Table in Hive enhancements that partition requiring any remote reads relationship is maintained )... Exceed the HDFS block size What is the reason for this represent Cancellation... Working with Complex types a small subset of the columns are considered to be manipulated in memory at.. In log files and other administrative contexts than with data ) if your HDFS is running low on.... Mismatch during INSERT operations as HDFS tables are, the INSERT statement early releases of Kudu simultaneous. From the connected user replaces the data for a traditional data warehouse at once partitioning.. Of columns the documentation for your Apache Hadoop distribution for details node without requiring any remote.... At or near 256 MB ( not apply to columns of data type ( MB! Owned by and do not inherit permissions from the connected user Impala web (. Dictionary encoding remote reads not necessarily sorted to as ARRAY, STRUCT, and CREATE table for. Time and planning that are normally needed for a set of rows in the Impala web (. Make the statement succeed we can run queries demonstrating that the HDFS transceivers. Keep the volume of data for a complete list of trademarks, click here query!

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